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How often a person passes stool, or the way it appears, may be different when abdominal discomfort is happening. With IBS-C, abdominal discomfort often improves after a bowel movement. In most cases, symptoms are ongoing chronic , but they may come and go. The cause of IBS-C is not known. Some experts think that it relates to changes in how the intestines move and contract, or changes in how the gut senses pain.
In some patients, IBS-C may happen after a past infection in the gut. It could also be related to changes in the messages between the brain and the intestines. There is evidence that bacteria which are normally found in the gut, or changes to the composition of those bacteria, play a role. The diagnosis is based on a thorough medical history and physical exam. Doctors use a tool called the Rome criteria, a list of specific symptoms and factors that can help determine if someone has IBS-C.
The most important of these criteria include the presence of abdominal pain or discomfort and change in bowel habits. There are no lab tests or imaging studies that can confirm a diagnosis of IBS-C.
In certain situations, a limited amount of testing such as blood work or imaging studies may be needed to make sure some other condition is not present.
Examples of alarm symptoms include weight loss, bleeding, or if IBS-C symptoms start after age 50 in a person that did not frequently have these symptoms before. IBS-C is not life-threatening. There is no cure, so the goal of treatment is to reduce symptoms as much as possible. Treatments may be focused on improving the uncomfortable symptoms of IBS-C — such as abdominal pain and bloating — or on improving bowel function.
Treatments include lifestyle modifications, dietary changes, psychosocial therapy, and medications. Lifestyle modifications for IBS-C include reducing or avoiding alcohol and tobacco products, improving sleep habits and getting regular exercise. With IBS, you have these symptoms without any visible signs of damage or disease in your digestive tract.
IBS is a functional gastrointestinal GI disorder. Functional GI disorders, which doctors now call disorders of gut-brain interactions, are related to problems with how your brain and your gut work together. These problems can cause your gut to be more sensitive and change how the muscles in your bowel contract.
If your gut is more sensitive, you may feel more abdominal pain and bloating. Changes in how the muscles in your bowel contract lead to diarrhea, constipation, or both. In the past, doctors called IBS colitis, mucous colitis, spastic colon, nervous colon, and spastic bowel.
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