By the autumn of there were five Case dei Bambini operating, four in Rome and one in Milan. Within a year the Italian-speaking part of Switzerland began transforming its kindergartens into Case dei Bambini, and the spread of the new educational approach began. In the summer of Maria Montessori gave the first training course in her approach to around students.
Her notes from this period became her first book, published that same year in Italy, which appeared in translation in the United States in as The Montessori Method, reaching second place on the U. Soon afterwards it was translated into 20 different languages. It has become a major influence in the field of education. A period of great expansion in the Montessori approach now followed.
Before and during WWI she travelled three times to America, where there was much interest for her original approach to education. Her son Mario accompanied her during the last two journeys. Her son and his new wife joined her, and her four grandchildren spent their formative years there: two boys, Mario Jr and Rolando, and two girls, Marilena and Renilde.
Renilde, her youngest grandchild, was until the General Secretary and then President until of the Association Montessori Internationale, the organisation set up by Maria Montessori in to continue her work. Maria nursed an ambition to create a permanent centre for research and development into her approach to early-years education, but any possibility of this happening in her lifetime in Spain was thwarted by the rise of fascism in Europe. By all Montessori schools in Germany had been closed and an effigy of her was burned above a bonfire of her books in Berlin.
The outbreak of civil war in Spain forced Montessori to abandon her home in Barcelona, a British battleship took her to England in the summer of Mario and his children joined her and later that summer the refugees travelled to the Netherlands to stay in the family home of Ada Pierson, the daughter of a Dutch banker.
Mario, by now estranged from his first wife, was later to marry Ada. In Mario and Maria embarked on a journey to India to give a 3-month training course in Madras Chennai followed by a lecture tour; they were not to return for nearly 7 years.
With the outbreak of war, as Italian citizens, Mario was interned, and Maria put under house arrest. Her 70th birthday request to the Indian government - that Mario should be released and restored to her - was granted, and together they trained over Indian teachers.
The years in India proved to be very important for Montessori, giving her the opportunity enrich her philosophy and approach to education. She met Gandhi, Nehru and Tagore, and was generally very much taken by the spirituality of the Indians and their generosity and kindness towards her. In they returned to the Netherlands and to the grandchildren who had spent the war years in the care of Ada Pierson, only to return to India for another two years.
Her works have been translated into at least twenty languages, and training schools for Montessori teachers have been established in several nations. Kramer, Rita. Maria Montessori: A Biography. New York: Putnam, Shephard, Marie Tennant. Maria Montessori: Teacher of Teachers. Minneapolis: Lerner Publications Company, Standing, E. Maria Montessori: Her Life and Work.
Toggle navigation. Professional life In Montessori became the first woman to receive a medical degree in Italy. The Montessori method Montessori's view of the nature of the child, on which the Montessori method is based, is that children go through a series of "sensitive periods" with "creative moments," when they show spur-of-the-moment interest in learning.
For More Information Kramer, Rita. User Contributions: 1. From this experience she began to model what a school should not be like.
She also made the decision not to continue studies in engineering. Her relatives, friends, and father were all relieved to here that she would veer away from such an un-ladylike discipline. I hope my information will be usefull. Comment about this article, ask questions, or add new information about this topic: Name:.
E-mail: Show my email publicly. Human Verification:. By Maria gave her first training course in her new approach to around students. Her notes from this period provided the material for her first book published that same year in Italy, appearing in translation in the United States in as The Montessori Method, and later translated into 20 languages.
A period of great expansion in the Montessori approach now followed. Montessori societies, training programmes and schools sprang to life all over the world, and a period of travel with public speaking and lecturing occupied Maria, much of it in America, but also in the UK and throughout Europe.
The rise of fascism in Europe substantially impacted the progress of the Montessori movement. By the Nazis had closed of all the Montessori schools in Germany, with Mussolini doing the same in Italy.
Fleeing the Spanish civil war in , Maria and Mario travelled to England, then to the Netherlands where they stayed with the family of Ada Pierson, who would later become Mario's second wife.
A three month lecture tour of India in turned to a seven year stay when the outbreak of war had Mario interned and Maria put under house arrest, detained as Italian citizens by the British government. In India, Maria began the development of her approach to support the child through 'Cosmic Education'. Her 70th birthday request to free Mario was granted and together they trained over a thousand Indian teachers.
Maria was nominationed for the Nobel Peace Prize in three consecutive years: , and Her last public engagement was the 9th International Montessori Congress in London in
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